这4个段落让你学会中国古代四大发明的英文表达！
中国古代四大发明
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China
四大发明是中国古代科技创举,包括造纸术、指南针、火药、印刷术。这些伟大的发明曾经影响并造福于全世界,推动了人类历史的前进。
用英语介绍中国四大发明,常用到的三句英文！
1. Papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and compass have altered the face and state of the world.
造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南改变了整个世界面貌。
compass ['kʌmpəs] n.罗盘,指南针
2.The concept of Four Great Inventions originated with European Scholars and later adopted by the Chinese.
四大发明的概念是由欧洲学者提出的,然后被中国人接纳。
concept ['kɒnsept] n.概念,观点
3.The Four Great Inventions are celebrated in Chinese culture for their significance.
四大发明因其历史上的重大意义而在中国文化中备受歌颂。
significance [sig'nifikəns] n.意义,重要性
The Four Great Inventions 四大发明
The Four inventions of ancient China are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance (意义) and serve as symbols of Chinese advanced science and technology. The Four Inventions are: The Compass Gunpowder, Papermaking, Printing. These four inventions had an enormous (巨大的)impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-ranging global impact.
阅读参考:中国四大发明因其历史上的重大意义而在中国文化中备受歌颂,并成为中国古代先进科技的象征。四大发明是指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术。四大发明对中国文明和世界文明具有深远影响。
Papermaking 造纸术
Before the invention of paper, bones, tortoise shells, and bamboo (竹子) slips were all used as writing surfaces, but as Chinese civilization developed they proved themselves unsuitable because of their bulk (体积) and weight. Hemp fiber and silk were used to make paper but the quality was far from satisfactory (满足). In 105 A.D. Cai Lun an eunuch during the Eastern Han Dynasty, invented paper from worn fishnet, bark and cloth. These raw materials could be easily found at a much lower cost so large quantities of paper could be produced. Later, the technique of papermaking was introduced to other parts of the world, such as Korea, Japan, and Europe.
阅读参考:在造纸术发明之前,人们在骨头、龟壳和竹片上面写字。随着中国的文明进步,人们不再满足于这些大而笨重的书写材料。麻纤维和丝绸被用来造纸,但其质量不令人满意。到公元105年,东汉的蔡伦,用旧渔网、树皮和布片来造纸。这些广泛而价格低廉的造纸材料,让造纸术广为传播。之后,造纸术被传到世界其他地区,例如韩国、日本、欧洲。
Printing 印刷术
Inspired by engraved (雕刻的) name seals, Chinese people invented ass, fixed-type engraved printing around 600 A.D. During the reign of Emperor Ren Zong of the Northern Song Dynasty. Bi Sheng invented moveable (可移动的),reusable clay type after numerous (无数的) tests. Single types were made and picked out for printing certain books. These types could be used again and again for different books.
阅读参考:受到雕刻印章的启示,大概在公元600年,中国人发明了活字印刷。在宋仁宗皇帝统治的北宋年间,毕昇在无数次实践后发明了可移动并可重复使用的用胶泥制作而成的活字。每种活字都可以根据所印内容排好顺序做成印版,然后用于印刷。这些活字能够重复利用,可以做成不同的印版来印刷各种不同的书。
Compass指南针
During the Warring States period, a device called Si Nan became the forerunner(先驱者)of the compass. Si Nan was a ladle-like magnet(磁铁) as on a plate with the handle of the ladle pointing to the south. In the 11th century, tiny needles made of magnetized steel were invented. One end of the needle(指针)points north while the other points south. The compass was created.
阅读参考:战国时期,一种叫“司南”的小装置成为了后来指南针的前身。司南是一种把长柄汤勺仪的磁铁放在一个光滑的盘子上而形成的小装置,利用磁铁指南的作用,辨别方向。在11世纪,人们能够制作微型磁铁针。用细小的醚铁针做成的装置指针的一端指向北方,另一端则指向南方。此时,真正意义上的罗盘被制造出来了。
Gunpowder火药
In Chinese, gunpowder is called huoyao, meaning flaming medicine. Unlike paper and printing, the birth of gunpowder was quite accidental(偶然的).It was first invented inadvertently by alchemists (炼金术士) while attempting to make in elixir of immorality(不道德).It was a mixture of sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was being used in military affairs During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, frequent wars spurred the development of cannons(大炮),and fire-arrows shot from bamboo tubes. ln the12th and 13th centuries, gunpowder spread to the Arab countries, then Greece, other European countries, and finally all over the world.
阅读参考:在中国,火药叫 "huoyao",意思是“燃烧的药品”。与造纸术和印刷术不同,火药的发明是偶然的。炼丹师在尝试炼制长生不老药时,无意间发明了火药。火药是硫磺、硝石和木炭的混合物。在唐朝末期,火药被用于军事战争。宋元时期,连年战乱促进大炮的发明。12至13世纪,火药被传到阿拉伯国家、希腊及欧洲其他国家,最后传遍世界。
